Difference between revisions of "Treat a Victim of Electrical Shock"
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== Steps == | == Steps == | ||
===Securing the Environment=== | ===Securing the Environment=== | ||
| − | #Look over the area of the incident carefully. Rushing in to save someone might be your first impulse, but if the danger of electrical shock remains you will only injure yourself as well. Take a moment to assess the scene and look for any obvious dangers.<ref>http://nasdonline.org/document/973/d000813/first-aid-for-electrical-accidents.html</ref> | + | #Look over the area of the incident carefully. Rushing in to save someone might be your first impulse, but if the danger of electrical shock remains you will only injure yourself as well. Take a moment to assess the scene and look for any obvious dangers.<ref name="rf1">http://nasdonline.org/document/973/d000813/first-aid-for-electrical-accidents.html</ref> |
#*Check for the source of the electrical shock. Look to see if the victim is still in contact with the source. Remember that electricity can flow through the victim and into you. | #*Check for the source of the electrical shock. Look to see if the victim is still in contact with the source. Remember that electricity can flow through the victim and into you. | ||
#*Never use water, even if there is a fire, as water can conduct electricity. | #*Never use water, even if there is a fire, as water can conduct electricity. | ||
#*Never enter an area where electrical equipment is used if the floor is wet. | #*Never enter an area where electrical equipment is used if the floor is wet. | ||
| − | #*Use a [[Use a Fire Extinguisher|fire extinguisher]] made for electrical fires. Fire extinguishers for use on electrical fires will be labelled as a C, BC, or ABC extinguisher.<ref>http://www.humbersidefire.gov.uk/your-safety/safety-in-the-home/electrical-fire-safety</ref> | + | #*Use a [[Use a Fire Extinguisher|fire extinguisher]] made for electrical fires. Fire extinguishers for use on electrical fires will be labelled as a C, BC, or ABC extinguisher.<ref name="rf2">http://www.humbersidefire.gov.uk/your-safety/safety-in-the-home/electrical-fire-safety</ref> |
| − | #Call emergency services. It is very important that you call as quickly as possible for help. The sooner you call, the sooner help will arrive. Explain your situation as calmly and clearly as you can when you make the call.<ref>http://patient.info/doctor/first-aid-in-general-practice</ref> | + | #Call emergency services. It is very important that you call as quickly as possible for help. The sooner you call, the sooner help will arrive. Explain your situation as calmly and clearly as you can when you make the call.<ref name="rf3">http://patient.info/doctor/first-aid-in-general-practice</ref> |
#*Explain that the emergency involves and electrical shock so the responders can be best prepared. | #*Explain that the emergency involves and electrical shock so the responders can be best prepared. | ||
#*Try not to panic. Keeping as calm as you can will help you relay the proper information. | #*Try not to panic. Keeping as calm as you can will help you relay the proper information. | ||
| − | #*Speak clearly. Emergency services will need accurate and clear information. Speaking too quickly might lead to misunderstanding, which can waste valuable time.<ref>http://travel.state.gov/content/dam/students-abroad/pdfs/911_ABROAD.pdf</ref> | + | #*Speak clearly. Emergency services will need accurate and clear information. Speaking too quickly might lead to misunderstanding, which can waste valuable time.<ref name="rf4">http://travel.state.gov/content/dam/students-abroad/pdfs/911_ABROAD.pdf</ref> |
#*Provide your address and phone number accurately. | #*Provide your address and phone number accurately. | ||
#*Most countries have made emergency service numbers easy to remember. Here are a few examples: | #*Most countries have made emergency service numbers easy to remember. Here are a few examples: | ||
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#**Australia – 000 | #**Australia – 000 | ||
#**Canada - 911 | #**Canada - 911 | ||
| − | #Shut off the current. If you can do so safely, turn off the electrical current. Don’t attempt to rescue someone near a high-voltage line.<ref>http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000053.htm</ref> Shutting off the current at the power box, the circuit breaker or the fuse box is the preferred option. Follow these steps to turn the power off with a circuit breaker box: | + | #Shut off the current. If you can do so safely, turn off the electrical current. Don’t attempt to rescue someone near a high-voltage line.<ref name="rf5">http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000053.htm</ref> Shutting off the current at the power box, the circuit breaker or the fuse box is the preferred option. Follow these steps to turn the power off with a circuit breaker box: |
#*Open the circuit breaker box. Look for a rectangular block, with a handle, at the top of the fuse box. | #*Open the circuit breaker box. Look for a rectangular block, with a handle, at the top of the fuse box. | ||
#*Grab the handle and flip it to the other side, just like a light switch. | #*Grab the handle and flip it to the other side, just like a light switch. | ||
#*Try turning on a light or other electrical device to double check the power is off. | #*Try turning on a light or other electrical device to double check the power is off. | ||
| − | #Separate the victim from the source. Don’t touch the victim, even with a non-conducting instrument, if the electricity hasn’t been shut off. Once you’re sure there is no current, use a rubber or wooden stick, or any other non-conducting tool, to separate the victim from the source.<ref>http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-shock/basics/art-20056695</ref> | + | #Separate the victim from the source. Don’t touch the victim, even with a non-conducting instrument, if the electricity hasn’t been shut off. Once you’re sure there is no current, use a rubber or wooden stick, or any other non-conducting tool, to separate the victim from the source.<ref name="rf6">http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-shock/basics/art-20056695</ref> |
| − | #*Examples of non-conducting materials include glass, porcelain, plastic and paper. Cardboard is another common, non-conducting material that you may use.<ref>http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/302l/lectures/node13.html</ref> | + | #*Examples of non-conducting materials include glass, porcelain, plastic and paper. Cardboard is another common, non-conducting material that you may use.<ref name="rf7">http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/302l/lectures/node13.html</ref> |
| − | #*Conductors, which allow electricity to flow, include copper, aluminium, gold and silver. <ref | + | #*Conductors, which allow electricity to flow, include copper, aluminium, gold and silver. <ref name="rf7" /> |
#*If the victim has been hit by lightning, he or she is safe to touch. | #*If the victim has been hit by lightning, he or she is safe to touch. | ||
===Assisting the Victim=== | ===Assisting the Victim=== | ||
| − | #Place the victim in the recovery position. Placing the victim of electrical shock in the recovery position will ensure that her airway remains clear.<ref>http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Accidents-and-first-aid/Pages/The-recovery-position.aspx</ref> Follow these steps to properly put the victim in the recovery position: | + | #Place the victim in the recovery position. Placing the victim of electrical shock in the recovery position will ensure that her airway remains clear.<ref name="rf8">http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Accidents-and-first-aid/Pages/The-recovery-position.aspx</ref> Follow these steps to properly put the victim in the recovery position: |
#* Place the arm nearest to you at a right angle with her body. | #* Place the arm nearest to you at a right angle with her body. | ||
#* Place the other hand under the side of her head. The back of the hand should touch the cheek. | #* Place the other hand under the side of her head. The back of the hand should touch the cheek. | ||
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#* Lift the chin of the victim and check the airway. | #* Lift the chin of the victim and check the airway. | ||
#* Stay with the victim and monitor her breathing. Once in recovery position, don’t move the victim, as this can cause further injury. | #* Stay with the victim and monitor her breathing. Once in recovery position, don’t move the victim, as this can cause further injury. | ||
| − | #Cover the victim in a blanket and wait. The victim will quickly cool down. You should try to wrap her in a thermal blanket to keep the body temperature regulated.<ref>http://www.nsc.org/NSCDocuments_Advocacy/Fact%20Sheets/Treating-Burns.pdf</ref> Wait for the emergency services with the victim. | + | #Cover the victim in a blanket and wait. The victim will quickly cool down. You should try to wrap her in a thermal blanket to keep the body temperature regulated.<ref name="rf9">http://www.nsc.org/NSCDocuments_Advocacy/Fact%20Sheets/Treating-Burns.pdf</ref> Wait for the emergency services with the victim. |
#* Don’t cover the body if there are large wounds or untreated burns. | #* Don’t cover the body if there are large wounds or untreated burns. | ||
#* Be gentle when you place the blanket over them. | #* Be gentle when you place the blanket over them. | ||
#* When the emergency services arrive, give them what details you have. Explain very quickly the source of the danger. Notify them of any wounds you've noticed and the time of the accident. Don't try to interfere once they take over. | #* When the emergency services arrive, give them what details you have. Explain very quickly the source of the danger. Notify them of any wounds you've noticed and the time of the accident. Don't try to interfere once they take over. | ||
| − | #Talk to the victim. Try talking with the victim to learn more about her state. You will be able to better help by learning as much as you can. Pay careful attention to any responses and be ready to relay them to emergency services when they arrive.<ref | + | #Talk to the victim. Try talking with the victim to learn more about her state. You will be able to better help by learning as much as you can. Pay careful attention to any responses and be ready to relay them to emergency services when they arrive.<ref name="rf3" /> |
#*Identify yourself and ask the victim what happened. Ask whether the victim has trouble breathing and if she is experiencing any pain. | #*Identify yourself and ask the victim what happened. Ask whether the victim has trouble breathing and if she is experiencing any pain. | ||
#*Ask where sources of pain are located. This may identify any wounds or burns. | #*Ask where sources of pain are located. This may identify any wounds or burns. | ||
#*If the victim is unconscious, check the airway and listen for breathing. | #*If the victim is unconscious, check the airway and listen for breathing. | ||
| − | #Check the body. Check the victim’s body, starting with the head and moving down to the neck, chest, arms, stomach and legs. Look for any burns or other injuries that are immediately noticeable. Report injuries to emergency responders when they arrive.<ref | + | #Check the body. Check the victim’s body, starting with the head and moving down to the neck, chest, arms, stomach and legs. Look for any burns or other injuries that are immediately noticeable. Report injuries to emergency responders when they arrive.<ref name="rf3" /> |
#*Don't manipulate or move any painful or wounded areas and don't touch any burns. Moving the victim can cause further injury. | #*Don't manipulate or move any painful or wounded areas and don't touch any burns. Moving the victim can cause further injury. | ||
| − | #Control any bleeding. If the victim is bleeding, try to stop or slow blood loss. Use a clean cloth to apply direct pressure. Continue pressing until the bleeding stops.<ref>http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-severe-bleeding/basics/art-20056661</ref> | + | #Control any bleeding. If the victim is bleeding, try to stop or slow blood loss. Use a clean cloth to apply direct pressure. Continue pressing until the bleeding stops.<ref name="rf10">http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-severe-bleeding/basics/art-20056661</ref> |
#*Do not remove the cloth if soaked with blood, add more layers to it. | #*Do not remove the cloth if soaked with blood, add more layers to it. | ||
#*Elevate the bleeding limb higher than the heart. Do not move the limb if you suspect a fracture. | #*Elevate the bleeding limb higher than the heart. Do not move the limb if you suspect a fracture. | ||
#*Once bleeding stops, wrap the cloth in a bandage to secure it in place. | #*Once bleeding stops, wrap the cloth in a bandage to secure it in place. | ||
#*Wait for emergency services to arrive and inform them of the injury and what you have done to treat it. | #*Wait for emergency services to arrive and inform them of the injury and what you have done to treat it. | ||
| − | #Call emergency services back if the victims status worsens. If you notice any change in the victim’s condition or if you spot any new wounds, call emergency services again for further instructions. Keeping emergency services up to date will help them respond better.<ref>http://blogs.redcross.org.uk/first-aid/2009/09/how-to-call-an-ambulance/</ref> | + | #Call emergency services back if the victims status worsens. If you notice any change in the victim’s condition or if you spot any new wounds, call emergency services again for further instructions. Keeping emergency services up to date will help them respond better.<ref name="rf11">http://blogs.redcross.org.uk/first-aid/2009/09/how-to-call-an-ambulance/</ref> |
#* If the condition worsens, the operator might prioritize your situation. | #* If the condition worsens, the operator might prioritize your situation. | ||
#* If the victim stops breathing, the operator might tell you how to perform CPR. Don’t panic, follow any instructions you are given. | #* If the victim stops breathing, the operator might tell you how to perform CPR. Don’t panic, follow any instructions you are given. | ||
===Performing CPR Safely Without Training=== | ===Performing CPR Safely Without Training=== | ||
| − | #Remember to check ABC. In an emergency situation, it is important to assess the victim’s airways, breathing and circulatory system before performing CPR. This procedure is also known as ABC. You can assess these things by doing the following:<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3273374/</ref> | + | #Remember to check ABC. In an emergency situation, it is important to assess the victim’s airways, breathing and circulatory system before performing CPR. This procedure is also known as ABC. You can assess these things by doing the following:<ref name="rf12">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3273374/</ref> |
#*Check the victim’s airway. Look for any obstructions or signs of damage. | #*Check the victim’s airway. Look for any obstructions or signs of damage. | ||
| − | #*Watch to see if the victim is taking spontaneous breaths. Observe the victim to see if he or she is breathing normally. To do this, put your ear close to the victim’s nose and mouth and listen for any breathing.<ref>http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/accidents-and-first-aid/Pages/cpr.aspx</ref> Never perform CPR if the victim is breathing or coughing. | + | #*Watch to see if the victim is taking spontaneous breaths. Observe the victim to see if he or she is breathing normally. To do this, put your ear close to the victim’s nose and mouth and listen for any breathing.<ref name="rf13">http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/accidents-and-first-aid/Pages/cpr.aspx</ref> Never perform CPR if the victim is breathing or coughing. |
| − | #*Start CPR if the victim is not breathing. If the patient is not breathing, then you will have to start CPR right away.<ref>http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Accidents-and-first-aid/Pages/What-to-do-after-an-accident.aspx</ref> | + | #*Start CPR if the victim is not breathing. If the patient is not breathing, then you will have to start CPR right away.<ref name="rf14">http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Accidents-and-first-aid/Pages/What-to-do-after-an-accident.aspx</ref> |
| − | #Assess the victim for signs of disability. Although medical professionals will assess the victim for signs of disability, you may find it helpful to identify the victim’s level of responsiveness and pass this information on to the emergency response team. Disability is often graded as one of four categories:<ref | + | #Assess the victim for signs of disability. Although medical professionals will assess the victim for signs of disability, you may find it helpful to identify the victim’s level of responsiveness and pass this information on to the emergency response team. Disability is often graded as one of four categories:<ref name="rf12" /> |
#*''A for alert''. This means that the victim is awake, able to talk, and aware of his or her surroundings. | #*''A for alert''. This means that the victim is awake, able to talk, and aware of his or her surroundings. | ||
#*''V for voice responsive''. This means that the victim can respond to questions, but he or she may not seem too alert or aware of what is going on. | #*''V for voice responsive''. This means that the victim can respond to questions, but he or she may not seem too alert or aware of what is going on. | ||
#*''P for pain responsive''. This means that the victim is showing some sort of response to the pain. | #*''P for pain responsive''. This means that the victim is showing some sort of response to the pain. | ||
| − | #*''U for unresponsive''. This means that the patient is unconscious and not responding to questions or reacting to pain. If the victim is unconscious, you may proceed with the application of CPR. Do not apply CPR techniques to a person who is already breathing and conscious.<ref>http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cpr/basics/art-20056600</ref> | + | #*''U for unresponsive''. This means that the patient is unconscious and not responding to questions or reacting to pain. If the victim is unconscious, you may proceed with the application of CPR. Do not apply CPR techniques to a person who is already breathing and conscious.<ref name="rf15">http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cpr/basics/art-20056600</ref> |
| − | #Get in position. You, and the victim, will need to be in the proper position to perform CPR. Follow these steps to ensure you are both in the right position for compression:<ref | + | #Get in position. You, and the victim, will need to be in the proper position to perform CPR. Follow these steps to ensure you are both in the right position for compression:<ref name="rf15" /> |
#*Put the person on her back and tilt the head back. | #*Put the person on her back and tilt the head back. | ||
#*Kneel down next to the victims shoulders. | #*Kneel down next to the victims shoulders. | ||
#*Place the heel of one hand over the center of the person's chest, between the nipples. | #*Place the heel of one hand over the center of the person's chest, between the nipples. | ||
#*Place your other hand on top of the first hand. Keep your elbows straight and position your shoulders directly above your hands. | #*Place your other hand on top of the first hand. Keep your elbows straight and position your shoulders directly above your hands. | ||
| − | #Begin compressions. After positioning yourself properly you may now begin compressions. Compressions can help keep the person alive, keeping oxygenated blood flowing to the brain. <ref | + | #Begin compressions. After positioning yourself properly you may now begin compressions. Compressions can help keep the person alive, keeping oxygenated blood flowing to the brain. <ref name="rf15" /> |
#*Use your upper body weight , not just your arms, as you push straight down on the chest. | #*Use your upper body weight , not just your arms, as you push straight down on the chest. | ||
#*Push at least 2 inches (approximately 5 centimeters). | #*Push at least 2 inches (approximately 5 centimeters). | ||
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===Treating Burns=== | ===Treating Burns=== | ||
#Seek medical treatment for an electrical shock victim. Someone who has suffered even a mild burn from an electrical shock will require medical treatment. Do not attempt to treat the victim on your own. Call emergency services or take the victim to the nearest hospital. | #Seek medical treatment for an electrical shock victim. Someone who has suffered even a mild burn from an electrical shock will require medical treatment. Do not attempt to treat the victim on your own. Call emergency services or take the victim to the nearest hospital. | ||
| − | #Identify burned areas. Burn wounds have certain characteristics that can help you identify them. Look for any injuries on the victim that have one or more the following qualities:<ref>http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Burns-and-scalds/Pages/Symptoms.aspx</ref> | + | #Identify burned areas. Burn wounds have certain characteristics that can help you identify them. Look for any injuries on the victim that have one or more the following qualities:<ref name="rf16">http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Burns-and-scalds/Pages/Symptoms.aspx</ref> |
#*Red skin. | #*Red skin. | ||
#*Peeling skin. | #*Peeling skin. | ||
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#*Swelling. | #*Swelling. | ||
#*White or charred skin. | #*White or charred skin. | ||
| − | #Rinse the burn. Electricity will usually enter the body in one place and leave in another. Inspect as much of the victim as you are able. Once you have identified injuries, cool the burns with cool water for ten minutes. <ref>http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Burns-and-scalds/Pages/Introduction.aspx</ref> | + | #Rinse the burn. Electricity will usually enter the body in one place and leave in another. Inspect as much of the victim as you are able. Once you have identified injuries, cool the burns with cool water for ten minutes. <ref name="rf17">http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Burns-and-scalds/Pages/Introduction.aspx</ref> |
#* Make sure that the water is clean to avoid any bacterial infection. | #* Make sure that the water is clean to avoid any bacterial infection. | ||
#* Don’t use ice, either cold or hot water, or any creams or greasy liquids on the burn. Burned skin is sensitive to extreme temperatures and creams may cause issues with healing. | #* Don’t use ice, either cold or hot water, or any creams or greasy liquids on the burn. Burned skin is sensitive to extreme temperatures and creams may cause issues with healing. | ||
| − | #Remove clothes and jewellery. It’s important to remove clothes and the jewellery near the burn to avoid further damage. Some clothing or jewellery may still be hot from the electrical shock and can continue to damage the victim.<ref>http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-154.full</ref>.<ref | + | #Remove clothes and jewellery. It’s important to remove clothes and the jewellery near the burn to avoid further damage. Some clothing or jewellery may still be hot from the electrical shock and can continue to damage the victim.<ref name="rf18">http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-154.full</ref>.<ref name="rf17" /> |
#*Don’t try to remove melted clothes or pieces of tissue stuck in a wound. | #*Don’t try to remove melted clothes or pieces of tissue stuck in a wound. | ||
#*Don’t cover the victim with a regular blanket if burned, as this may cause infection. | #*Don’t cover the victim with a regular blanket if burned, as this may cause infection. | ||
| − | #Cover the burn. Covering the burn will help protect the area from any further damage and lower the risk of infection. Try using the following materials to cover a burn:<ref>http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-burns/basics/art-20056687</ref> | + | #Cover the burn. Covering the burn will help protect the area from any further damage and lower the risk of infection. Try using the following materials to cover a burn:<ref name="rf19">http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-burns/basics/art-20056687</ref> |
#*Sterilized gauze bandage | #*Sterilized gauze bandage | ||
#*Clean cloth | #*Clean cloth | ||
| − | #*Avoid towels or blankets.<ref>http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Burns-and-scalds/Pages/Treatment.aspx</ref> | + | #*Avoid towels or blankets.<ref name="rf20">http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Burns-and-scalds/Pages/Treatment.aspx</ref> |
#*Do not apply adhesive bandages. | #*Do not apply adhesive bandages. | ||
#Wait for the emergency services. Once the victim is stabilized, you should stay with her and try to offer reassurance. Don’t forget to keep the emergency services updated if you’ve treated a burn. | #Wait for the emergency services. Once the victim is stabilized, you should stay with her and try to offer reassurance. Don’t forget to keep the emergency services updated if you’ve treated a burn. | ||
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== Warnings == | == Warnings == | ||
*Always make sure the flow of electricity is shut off before offering help to a victim. | *Always make sure the flow of electricity is shut off before offering help to a victim. | ||
| − | *Do not apply ice, butter, ointments, medications, fluffy cotton dressings, or adhesive bandages to a burn.<ref | + | *Do not apply ice, butter, ointments, medications, fluffy cotton dressings, or adhesive bandages to a burn.<ref name="rf5" /> |
== Video == | == Video == | ||
