Difference between revisions of "Diagram Sentences"
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=== Diagramming Sentences === | === Diagramming Sentences === | ||
# Draw a horizontal line with a small vertical line through the middle. To the left of the vertical line, write your subject. To the right of the vertical line, write your verb. This is the most basic complete sentence. | # Draw a horizontal line with a small vertical line through the middle. To the left of the vertical line, write your subject. To the right of the vertical line, write your verb. This is the most basic complete sentence. | ||
| − | # Draw another vertical line stopping at the horizontal line if there is a direct object. To the right of this line, write the direct object. | + | # Draw another vertical line stopping at the horizontal line if there is a direct object. To the right of this line, write the direct object. |
#* In the above sentence, ''Vegetables disgust Felipe'', '''vegetables''' is the subject, '''disgust''' is the verb, and '''Felipe''' is the direct object. | #* In the above sentence, ''Vegetables disgust Felipe'', '''vegetables''' is the subject, '''disgust''' is the verb, and '''Felipe''' is the direct object. | ||
# Place indirect objects beneath the verb. In general, indirect objects could take a preposition and so are drawn with a diagonal line coming off of the word they modify. See step 6 for prepositions. | # Place indirect objects beneath the verb. In general, indirect objects could take a preposition and so are drawn with a diagonal line coming off of the word they modify. See step 6 for prepositions. | ||
#* In the above sentence, ''The farmers gave their kids fresh vegetables'', '''farmers'' is the subject, '''gave'' is the verb, '''vegetables''' is the direct object, '''kids''' is the indirect object, '''the''' is an article, '''their''' is a possessive pronoun, and '''fresh''' is an adjective modifying ''vegetables''. | #* In the above sentence, ''The farmers gave their kids fresh vegetables'', '''farmers'' is the subject, '''gave'' is the verb, '''vegetables''' is the direct object, '''kids''' is the indirect object, '''the''' is an article, '''their''' is a possessive pronoun, and '''fresh''' is an adjective modifying ''vegetables''. | ||
| − | # Draw a slash if there is a ''predicate nominative'' or ''predicate adjective''. A predicate nominative is a noun, pronoun, or adjective that refers to the subject. The verb preceding the predicate nominative or adjective is usually a linking verb, such as the forms of ''to be'' (''is'', ''are'', ''was'', etc.) or sense words (''looks'', ''smells'', ''tastes'', etc.). To the right of the slash, write the predicate nominative or adjective. | + | # Draw a slash if there is a ''predicate nominative'' or ''predicate adjective''. A predicate nominative is a noun, pronoun, or adjective that refers to the subject. The verb preceding the predicate nominative or adjective is usually a linking verb, such as the forms of ''to be'' (''is'', ''are'', ''was'', etc.) or sense words (''looks'', ''smells'', ''tastes'', etc.). To the right of the slash, write the predicate nominative or adjective. |
#* In the above sentence, ''Vegetables are disgusting'', '''vegetables''' is the subject, '''are''' is a linking verb, and '''disgusting''' is the predicate adjective. | #* In the above sentence, ''Vegetables are disgusting'', '''vegetables''' is the subject, '''are''' is a linking verb, and '''disgusting''' is the predicate adjective. | ||
#* Note that pronouns following linking verbs should be in the nominative case: ''This is she'' or ''It is I'' and '''not''' ''This is her'' or ''It is me''. | #* Note that pronouns following linking verbs should be in the nominative case: ''This is she'' or ''It is I'' and '''not''' ''This is her'' or ''It is me''. | ||
| − | # Place adjectives, adverbs, articles, and possessives on diagonal lines below the words they modify. | + | # Place adjectives, adverbs, articles, and possessives on diagonal lines below the words they modify. |
| − | #* In the above sentence, ''The green vegetables are always disgusting'', '''vegetables''' is the subject, '''are''' is the linking verb, '''disgusting''' is the predicate adjective, '''green''' is an adjective modifying ''vegetables'', '''the''' is an article, and '''always''' is an adverb modifying ''disgusting''. | + | #* In the above sentence, ''The green vegetables are always disgusting'', '''vegetables''' is the subject, '''are''' is the linking verb, '''disgusting''' is the predicate adjective, '''green''' is an adjective modifying ''vegetables'', '''the''' is an article, and '''always''' is an adverb modifying ''disgusting''. |
#* Participles are diagrammed similarly to adjectives. Draw the participle as a curved word on a bent, slanted line beneath the word it modifies. In the above sentence, ''Working farmers enjoy vegetables'', '''working''' is a participle modifying '''farmers''', which is the subject; '''enjoy''' is the verb; and '''vegetables''' is the object. | #* Participles are diagrammed similarly to adjectives. Draw the participle as a curved word on a bent, slanted line beneath the word it modifies. In the above sentence, ''Working farmers enjoy vegetables'', '''working''' is a participle modifying '''farmers''', which is the subject; '''enjoy''' is the verb; and '''vegetables''' is the object. | ||
# Begin prepositions like you would adjectives: Draw a diagonal line down. The object of the preposition goes on a horizontal line coming off the preposition line. | # Begin prepositions like you would adjectives: Draw a diagonal line down. The object of the preposition goes on a horizontal line coming off the preposition line. | ||
#* In the above sentence, ''The kids threw the vegetables in the trash'', '''kids''' is the subject, '''threw''' is the verb, '''vegetables''' is the direct object, '''in''' is a preposition, '''trash''' is the object of the preposition, and all three '''the'''s are articles. | #* In the above sentence, ''The kids threw the vegetables in the trash'', '''kids''' is the subject, '''threw''' is the verb, '''vegetables''' is the direct object, '''in''' is a preposition, '''trash''' is the object of the preposition, and all three '''the'''s are articles. | ||
# Determine how any conjunctions are being used. | # Determine how any conjunctions are being used. | ||
| − | #* If the sentence is a compound sentence made up of two independent clauses, the coordinating conjunction will connect via a bent, broken line. | + | #* If the sentence is a compound sentence made up of two independent clauses, the coordinating conjunction will connect via a bent, broken line. |
#** In the above sentence, ''The green vegetables are always disgusting, and I hate them'', there are two independent clauses. '''Vegetables''' is the subject of the first clause, '''are''' is a linking verb, '''disgusting''' is the predicate adjective, '''the''' is an article, '''green''' is an adjective, and '''always''' is an adverb. '''I''' is the subject of the second clause, '''hate''' is the verb, and '''them''' is the direct object (it is a pronoun whose antecedent is ''vegetables''). The two clauses are linked by the coordinating conjunction '''and'''. | #** In the above sentence, ''The green vegetables are always disgusting, and I hate them'', there are two independent clauses. '''Vegetables''' is the subject of the first clause, '''are''' is a linking verb, '''disgusting''' is the predicate adjective, '''the''' is an article, '''green''' is an adjective, and '''always''' is an adverb. '''I''' is the subject of the second clause, '''hate''' is the verb, and '''them''' is the direct object (it is a pronoun whose antecedent is ''vegetables''). The two clauses are linked by the coordinating conjunction '''and'''. | ||
| − | #* If the sentence is a simple sentence and the conjunction is joining words within it, you will split the line and join it by a broken line, or you will join two existing lines with a broken line. | + | #* If the sentence is a simple sentence and the conjunction is joining words within it, you will split the line and join it by a broken line, or you will join two existing lines with a broken line. |
#** In the first of the above sentences, ''I like fruits and vegetables'', '''I''' is the subject, '''like''' is the verb, '''fruits''' and '''vegetables''' are the two direct objects, and '''and''' is the conjuction joining the direct objects. | #** In the first of the above sentences, ''I like fruits and vegetables'', '''I''' is the subject, '''like''' is the verb, '''fruits''' and '''vegetables''' are the two direct objects, and '''and''' is the conjuction joining the direct objects. | ||
#** In the second of the above sentences, ''Green and yellow vegetables are disgusting'', '''vegetables''' is the subject, '''are''' is the linking verb, '''disgusting''' is the predicate adjective, '''always''' is an adverb modifying ''disgusting'', '''green''' and '''yellow''' are adjectives modifying ''vegetables'', and '''and''' is the conjunction joining the adjectives. | #** In the second of the above sentences, ''Green and yellow vegetables are disgusting'', '''vegetables''' is the subject, '''are''' is the linking verb, '''disgusting''' is the predicate adjective, '''always''' is an adverb modifying ''disgusting'', '''green''' and '''yellow''' are adjectives modifying ''vegetables'', and '''and''' is the conjunction joining the adjectives. | ||
| − | # Draw appositives in parentheses next to the words they modify. Appositives are words that redefine or rename other words. Adjectives and articles that apply to the appositive are drawn beneath the appositive word. | + | # Draw appositives in parentheses next to the words they modify. Appositives are words that redefine or rename other words. Adjectives and articles that apply to the appositive are drawn beneath the appositive word. |
#* In the above sentence, ''An unabashed herbivore, I like fruits and vegetables'', '''I''' is the subject, '''like''' is the verb, '''fruits''' and '''vegetables''' are direct objects, '''and''' joins the direct objects, '''herbivore''' is in apposition to ''I'', '''an''' is an article, and '''unabashed''' is an adjective modifying ''herbivore''. | #* In the above sentence, ''An unabashed herbivore, I like fruits and vegetables'', '''I''' is the subject, '''like''' is the verb, '''fruits''' and '''vegetables''' are direct objects, '''and''' joins the direct objects, '''herbivore''' is in apposition to ''I'', '''an''' is an article, and '''unabashed''' is an adjective modifying ''herbivore''. | ||
| − | # Place infinitive phrases on their own line, called a pedestal, beginning with a diagonal. Infinitives are the basic forms of verbs, often beginning with the word ''to'', as in ''to see'' or ''to walk'' or ''to eat''. | + | # Place infinitive phrases on their own line, called a pedestal, beginning with a diagonal. Infinitives are the basic forms of verbs, often beginning with the word ''to'', as in ''to see'' or ''to walk'' or ''to eat''. |
#* In the above sentence, ''I like to eat vegetables'', '''I''' is the subject, '''like''' is the verb, '''to eat vegetables''' is an infinitive phrase made up of the verb ''to eat'' and the object ''vegetables''. | #* In the above sentence, ''I like to eat vegetables'', '''I''' is the subject, '''like''' is the verb, '''to eat vegetables''' is an infinitive phrase made up of the verb ''to eat'' and the object ''vegetables''. | ||
# Draw a staircase for gerunds. Gerunds are verbs ending in ''-ing'' that act as nouns, but often take direct objects. They are usually drawn on a pedestal. | # Draw a staircase for gerunds. Gerunds are verbs ending in ''-ing'' that act as nouns, but often take direct objects. They are usually drawn on a pedestal. | ||
