Treat Vaginitis

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Vaginitis refers to inflammation of the vaginal mucosa leading to a vaginal discharge. Vaginal discharge is a substance that can be attributed to many different kinds of discharge, though certain attributes can help distinguish one disease entity from another. The majority are not sexually transmitted but instead represent an over imbalance of the proper vaginal flora. Vaginitis can include issues such yeast infections and allergic responses of the skin of the vagina. The best way to treat vaginitis is to first understand the kind you have so you can receive the proper treatment, since every type of vaginitis is treated in a different way. [1]

Steps

Understanding Bacterial Vaginosis

  1. Diagnose vaginitis. The best way to figure out what kind of vaginitis you have is to see a doctor. There are certain signs and symptoms you may experience that point to vaginitis, which means you need to see a doctor. If you have any abnormal discharge or vulvar symptoms, they should be checked by a physician.
    • You should also see the doctor if you’re sexually active and could have an STD, the discharge is malodorous, you have atrophic symptoms and are of perimenopausal or menopausal age, or if you have a sexual partner, either male or female, with trichomoniasis.
    • When you go to the doctor, she will perform a pelvic exam to examine the vaginal vault and the vulva to check for inflammation and swelling and obtain a sample of discharge for examination. She will also examine your cervix to determine if there is any discharge coming from the cervix itself, indicating a cervicitis, which can be a STI such as chlamydia or gonorrhea. She may take swabs from the cervix or have you submit a urine specimen to double check for these STDs. [2]
  2. Learn about bacterial vaginosis (BV). BV is a disturbance of the natural balance of the vagina. It occurs when the bacterial flora become disrupted and the pH of your vaginal flora is higher than normal.
    • This often develops in women who use douches, have multiple sexual partners, and who smoke.[3]
  3. Notice the symptoms of BV. There is one main symptom of BV. You will have a white, milky discharge that has a fishy odor. The best way to diagnosis BV is through a test done by your doctor. She will take a sample of the discharge for microscopic examination in the office. Under microscopic exam, there are the presence of Clue cells, which are bacteria-coated cells.
    • She might also perform a whiff test, which is where she will check for the characteristic fishy smell.[4]
  4. Take medication for treatment. Once you have been positively diagnose with BV, you will receive treatment for it from your doctor. Treatment typically consists of oral metronidazole tablets such as Flagyl. You should take a 500 mg tablet twice daily for one week. You can also use Flagyl Gel, which is a topical treatment. You use one applicator of gel a day at bedtime for one week.
    • A similar but newer antibiotic, tinidazole, or Tindamax, may also be prescribed. You take one 2mg pill once a day for a week. [5]
  5. Try natural remedies to prevent recurrent BV. There are multiple natural remedies that you can try for BV. You can take probiotics to restore the natural balance of bacterial flora in the vaginal flora. These can come in the form of oral probiotic you take twice a day one week to intra-vaginal dosing for 30 days. Research has shown that the use of a lactobacillus supplement by women who have recurrent BV along with antibiotic therapy helps manage the disease. [6]
    • You can also try eating yogurt with a probiotic every day. You should also avoid douching. Your natural vaginal secretions are intended to keep the vagina cleansed and it needs nothing more than external cleansing with soap and water to be cleaned properly.

Understanding Yeast Infections

  1. Learn about yeast infections. A yeast infection, or vulvovaginitis candidiasis, is a very common condition. Over 50% of women will experience or have experienced it once during their lifetime, though only 5% will have repeat infections. A yeast infection is often developed when you take a course of antibiotics, which disrupts your body’s natural lactobacillus count in the vagina.
    • The symptoms include complaints of a thick, cottage cheese-like discharge. This is accompanied by an itchy and irritated sensation around the vulva and vagina. This can make those areas irritated and sensitive.
    • Some women may get recurrent episodes, which are described as 4 or more infections per year. However, this amount of frequency is rare.[7]
  2. Diagnose a yeast infection. You can generally tell if you have a yeast infection at home. If you notice the symptoms, you can do a visual exam to see if you fit all the criteria of a yeast infection. On visual exam, you should see the inflamed labia and vulva. You should also notice the obvious discharge, which will be thick and white or yellow along the vaginal vault. There should be no odor.
  3. Look out for repeat fungal infections. If you have 3 or more yeast infections a year that are unrelated to antibiotic therapy, you should take note and seek a medical diagnosis. This is important as taking repeated courses of the antifungal therapy for yeast infections can cause can systemic toxicity. You should also be vigilant because there could be an underlying cause of the infections, such as immunosuppression from HIV.
    • Try not to over self-diagnose. If you simply tell your doctor you have a yeast infection without proper examination, your family provider might call in a prescription in an attempt to be helpful. This may not be helpful because you could have a more insidious disease, such as an STD. [8]
  4. Treat a yeast infection. You can use either oral or topical treatment for a yeast infection. The medicine is an antifungal agent that fights the yeast causing the infection. You can use a 150mg oral dose of diflucan once. You can also use the topical creams diflucan or clotrimazole, which are available over the counter in most drugstores. Topical creams are the most popular treatment because they can be purchased over the counter.
    • Most of the topical medications have similar medical safety and efficacy and none of them are better than other others. You can get different variations that differ in the amount of times you need to apply. You can get a cream or cream suppository that you only use once, but you can also get creams that you need to use for up to a week.
    • If you think you might have trouble remembering to apply a nightly cream, the single dose oral therapy might be better for you. However, this method does require a prescription. [9]

Understanding Trichomoniasis

  1. Learn about trichomoniasis. Often called trich, trichomoniasis is a type of vaginitis that is caused by a protozoa or parasite. It affects up to 5 million people in the US each year. This organism is a small parasite with a tail. In men, if trich is undetected, it can lead to chronic prostatitis. Trich has some common symptoms. The discharge is will likely be green and cause itching. It will also have a fishy odor.
    • This disease is sexually transmitted, so if you think you have it, you should let your sexual partner know so both partners can be tested and treated before resuming intercourse. If one of you is diagnosed then both of you need treatment.
  2. Diagnose trich. Traditionally, the diagnosis for trich is done in a doctor’s office. A wet pep is done by placing vaginal secretions under the microscope with a drop of saline solution. This will cause the parasite under the microscope to swim across the field and be identified.
    • There can be doctor discrepancy. Because of this, your doctor may also perform more standardized testing, such as a PCR assay to determine exactly what disease you have. You may also be given a pap smear as well.
    • If this is not treated in pregnant women, there can be complications when giving birth such as low birth weight and prematurity due to a premature rupture of membranes (PROM). [10]
  3. Treat trich. As with BV, trich can be treated with oral medication such as Flagyl. The usual dose is 2grams orally once. You should avoid alcohol while taking Flagyl. Your partner should also take Flagyl at the same time. While you are taking the medication, intercourse should be avoided until both partners have completed the round of treatment.
    • Some studies recommend the use of Tindamax for trich as well. If prescribed, you will only have to take one 2 mg dose. This medication has a cure rate between 86-100%.[11]

Understanding Other Forms of Vaginitis

  1. Learn about atrophic vaginitis. There is only a certain group of women who have to worry about atrophic vaginitis. This type of vaginitis is caused by the normal hormonal changes that occur as you age as well as the decreased estrogen production. These tend to lower the production of the natural secretions that keep the vagina lubricated. Up to 40% of post-menopausal women will have this disorder.
    • It is often accompanied by pelvic floor weakness and other genitourinary symptoms that predispose you to urinary tract infections. These other disorders should be ruled out by your doctor with as test.[12]
  2. Recognize the symptoms. Atrophic vaginitis is a disorder that causes vaginal dryness and thinning of the vaginal mucosa. This causes itchiness and painful intercourse. This can happen outside of normal menopause when a women gets sent into premature menopause by removal of ovaries for other conditions.
  3. Treat atrophic vaginitis with hormone replacement therapy. You can treat this type of vaginitis with oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This will replenish the hormones that you lose when you go through menopause.
    • HRT is taken daily in pill form.
    • An alternative to HRT is called Osphena, taken once a day to treat vaginitis.
  4. Treat atrophic vaginitis with creams. Estrogen creams can also be used to help with the symptoms of this condition. This cream is absorbed into the skin when you apply it to the vaginal area. This helps produce its effects and treat the symptoms concentrated in your vaginal region.
  5. Understand contact dermatitis vaginitis. Similar to any other contact or allergic dermatitis, this kind of vaginitis is an allergic reaction. Instead of presenting symptoms elsewhere, the skin of your vagina reacts instead. This can be caused by the detergent you used in washing your underwear, a douche, a condom, a lubricant, or any other product that comes into contact with the area.
    • To treat contact dermatitis vaginitis, you should remove the object that is causing the issue. This may take some investigation, but you should try to find what you are allergic to as soon as possible to relieve the symptoms. You can then use steroid creams that are available over the counter, such as hydrocortisone cream 1%, and apply them to the area twice a day for five days. This will reduce the signs of itchiness and inflammation.
    • You can also take antihistamines such as Zyrtec or Claritin to help with the reaction. Take one 10mg daily for symptoms. In severe cases, you may want to see a physician for a prednisone taper to get immediate relief. [13]

Video

Sources and Citations

  1. ↑ Hainer, Barry L. and Maria V. Gibson, Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment American Family Physician 20ll , April 1, 83, (7)
  2. ↑ Hainer, Barry L. and Maria V. Gibson, Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment American Family Physician 20ll , April 1, 83, (7)
  3. ↑ Hainer, Barry L. and Maria V. Gibson, Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment American Family Physician 20ll , April 1, 83, (7)
  4. ↑ Hainer, Barry L. and Maria V. Gibson, Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment American Family Physician 20ll , April 1, 83, (7)
  5. ↑ Hainer, Barry L. and Maria V. Gibson, Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment American Family Physician 20ll , April 1, 83, (7)
  6. ↑ Jeanne Pierre Menard, Antibacterial treatment of bacterial vaginosis: current and emerging therapies, Int J Womens Health, 2011, 3: 295–305
  7. ↑ Ringdahl, Erika N. Treatment of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis, Am Fam Physician, 2000 Jun 1. 61(11): 3306-3312
  8. ↑ Hainer, Barry L. and Maria V. Gibson, Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment American Family Physician 20ll , April 1, 83, (7)
  9. ↑ Hainer, Barry L. and Maria V. Gibson, Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment American Family Physician 20ll , April 1, 83, (7)
  10. ↑ Wendall, Karen A. and Kimberly Workowski, Trichomoniasis: Challenges to Appropriate Management Clinical Infectious Disease, Supplement 3, S123- S129
  11. ↑ Wendall, Karen A. and Kimberly Workowski, Trichomoniasis: Challenges to Appropriate Management Clinical Infectious Disease, Supplement 3, S123- S129
  12. ↑ Bachmann, Gloria A. and Nicole S Nevadunsky, Diagnosis and Treatment of Atrophic Vaginitis, American Family Physician, 2000 May 15, 61(10), 3090-3096
  13. ↑ Hainer, Barry L. and Maria V. Gibson, Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment American Family Physician 20ll , April 1, 83, (7)
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