Difference between revisions of "Care for Tropical Fish"
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== Steps == | == Steps == | ||
=== Setting Up the Aquarium === | === Setting Up the Aquarium === | ||
| − | #Choose the right location. When setting up your aquarium, you need to be sure to put it in a location that will be least stressful for your fish.<ref>http://www.petsathome.com/shop/en/pets/advice/fish-care-advice/setting-up-your-aquarium</ref> | + | #Choose the right location. When setting up your aquarium, you need to be sure to put it in a location that will be least stressful for your fish.<ref name="rf1">http://www.petsathome.com/shop/en/pets/advice/fish-care-advice/setting-up-your-aquarium</ref> |
#*Avoid locations that will expose the fish to loud noises, like near a TV or sound system or near a washer and dryer, etc. | #*Avoid locations that will expose the fish to loud noises, like near a TV or sound system or near a washer and dryer, etc. | ||
#*Avoid locations that will affect the temperature of the water, like near a heater, radiator, or cooling unit. | #*Avoid locations that will affect the temperature of the water, like near a heater, radiator, or cooling unit. | ||
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#*Don't place your aquarium in a place where there could potentially be drafts, such as near windows and doors. | #*Don't place your aquarium in a place where there could potentially be drafts, such as near windows and doors. | ||
#Install a high-quality filtration system. It’s nearly impossible to over-filter an aquarium, so err on the side of more rather than less filtration. There are three kinds of filtration, mechanical, biological, and chemical. | #Install a high-quality filtration system. It’s nearly impossible to over-filter an aquarium, so err on the side of more rather than less filtration. There are three kinds of filtration, mechanical, biological, and chemical. | ||
| − | #*Mechanical filtration uses a pump to draw water through a sponge, which will trap debris. Mechanical filtration helps keep the tank water looking clean and clear, though most tropical fish don’t require crystal-clear water for their habitat, so the clear water is mostly for your benefit.<ref>http://www.thinkfish.co.uk/article/guide-to-the-right-equipment-for-your-fish-tank</ref> | + | #*Mechanical filtration uses a pump to draw water through a sponge, which will trap debris. Mechanical filtration helps keep the tank water looking clean and clear, though most tropical fish don’t require crystal-clear water for their habitat, so the clear water is mostly for your benefit.<ref name="rf2">http://www.thinkfish.co.uk/article/guide-to-the-right-equipment-for-your-fish-tank</ref> |
#*Biological filtration also draws water through a sponge, but in this case the sponge contains bacteria that remove pollutants. | #*Biological filtration also draws water through a sponge, but in this case the sponge contains bacteria that remove pollutants. | ||
#*Chemical filtration uses a special filter media that removes chemical pollutants. | #*Chemical filtration uses a special filter media that removes chemical pollutants. | ||
| − | #*If you have a saltwater tank, you’ll also need a protein skimmer, a filtration device that removes dissolved organics from the water.<ref>http://www.fishlore.com/fishdictionary/p.htm#proteinskimmer</ref> | + | #*If you have a saltwater tank, you’ll also need a protein skimmer, a filtration device that removes dissolved organics from the water.<ref name="rf3">http://www.fishlore.com/fishdictionary/p.htm#proteinskimmer</ref> |
#Install a heater-stat. The heater-stat is a combined heater and thermostat designed to function underwater. The thermostat can be set to a specific temperature and the heater will turn on if the water temperature dips below your setting. | #Install a heater-stat. The heater-stat is a combined heater and thermostat designed to function underwater. The thermostat can be set to a specific temperature and the heater will turn on if the water temperature dips below your setting. | ||
#*The most important factor when choosing a heater-stat is appropriate wattage. Be sure to choose one with high enough wattage to warm the size of aquarium you own, but don’t buy one with so much wattage that it will overheat the tank. The general rule is five watts per gallon. | #*The most important factor when choosing a heater-stat is appropriate wattage. Be sure to choose one with high enough wattage to warm the size of aquarium you own, but don’t buy one with so much wattage that it will overheat the tank. The general rule is five watts per gallon. | ||
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#*Some people opt to use a water pump for the aesthetic value added by the floating bubbles. | #*Some people opt to use a water pump for the aesthetic value added by the floating bubbles. | ||
#Install a tank light. A tank light will typically be comprised of a starter unit and a tube, and while there are several different types of tank lighting available, fluorescent lighting is the most common choice for new freshwater tank owners. Some saltwater tanks will require more specific lighting setups, determined by the species of fish you have in the tank. | #Install a tank light. A tank light will typically be comprised of a starter unit and a tube, and while there are several different types of tank lighting available, fluorescent lighting is the most common choice for new freshwater tank owners. Some saltwater tanks will require more specific lighting setups, determined by the species of fish you have in the tank. | ||
| − | #*Fluorescent tubes are relatively inexpensive to run and don’t produce significant amounts of heat, making them well suited for use in aquariums.<ref | + | #*Fluorescent tubes are relatively inexpensive to run and don’t produce significant amounts of heat, making them well suited for use in aquariums.<ref name="rf2" /> |
#*Different types of lighting are better suited to encouraging plant growth or enhancing the color of your fish, but generally a full-spectrum light will offer both pleasant lighting and lighting suitable for plants. | #*Different types of lighting are better suited to encouraging plant growth or enhancing the color of your fish, but generally a full-spectrum light will offer both pleasant lighting and lighting suitable for plants. | ||
#Set up the physical environment. Carefully select which environmental features (rocks, plants, ornaments) you include in your aquarium. | #Set up the physical environment. Carefully select which environmental features (rocks, plants, ornaments) you include in your aquarium. | ||
| − | #*The environment must closely emulate the fish’s natural habitat or they will become stressed, sick, and will possibly even die.<ref>http://www.thinkfish.co.uk/article/golden-rules-of-tropical-fish-care</ref> | + | #*The environment must closely emulate the fish’s natural habitat or they will become stressed, sick, and will possibly even die.<ref name="rf4">http://www.thinkfish.co.uk/article/golden-rules-of-tropical-fish-care</ref> |
#*If you’re unsure of the proper environment for your fish, consult your local fish or aquarium store. | #*If you’re unsure of the proper environment for your fish, consult your local fish or aquarium store. | ||
| − | #*If you’re setting up a saltwater aquarium, it’s strongly recommended that you add live rock, which are pieces of coral reef that naturally break or fall off. Live rock contains many live organisms necessary to a healthy tank ecosystem.<ref>http://www.fishlore.com/live_rock.htm</ref> | + | #*If you’re setting up a saltwater aquarium, it’s strongly recommended that you add live rock, which are pieces of coral reef that naturally break or fall off. Live rock contains many live organisms necessary to a healthy tank ecosystem.<ref name="rf5">http://www.fishlore.com/live_rock.htm</ref> |
#Run the aquarium without any fish. Before introducing any fish to the aquarium, add water and let the pump/filtration system run for three days to a week, which will stabilize the environment and make it hospitable to your new fish. | #Run the aquarium without any fish. Before introducing any fish to the aquarium, add water and let the pump/filtration system run for three days to a week, which will stabilize the environment and make it hospitable to your new fish. | ||
#*Running the aquarium before putting in any fish is also important because it allows any harmful impurities to dissolve. | #*Running the aquarium before putting in any fish is also important because it allows any harmful impurities to dissolve. | ||
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#*Ask an employee at the store from which you plan to purchase the fish to help you choose types of fish best suited to a brand-new aquarium. | #*Ask an employee at the store from which you plan to purchase the fish to help you choose types of fish best suited to a brand-new aquarium. | ||
#*Avoid overcrowding the aquarium. Don’t add more than three fish per week to the tank or you can raise the ammonia in the environment to toxic levels that can kill your fish. | #*Avoid overcrowding the aquarium. Don’t add more than three fish per week to the tank or you can raise the ammonia in the environment to toxic levels that can kill your fish. | ||
| − | #Choose the right fish. As you gradually begin to populate your aquarium, choose your fish very carefully. There are hundreds of kinds of tropical fish, and they don’t all live well together--some are aggressive, some are territorial, some are predatory, and so on. Make sure to choose types of fish that can live together in the tank and won’t fight or kill each other.<ref | + | #Choose the right fish. As you gradually begin to populate your aquarium, choose your fish very carefully. There are hundreds of kinds of tropical fish, and they don’t all live well together--some are aggressive, some are territorial, some are predatory, and so on. Make sure to choose types of fish that can live together in the tank and won’t fight or kill each other.<ref name="rf4" /> |
#*Choosing the wrong fish not only subjects the fish to unnecessary suffering, it’s also something that’s easily avoidable with a little research. | #*Choosing the wrong fish not only subjects the fish to unnecessary suffering, it’s also something that’s easily avoidable with a little research. | ||
#*Do your research and consult with an employee at a fish or aquarium retailer so that you know each of your fish’s needs. In addition to making sure your fish will get along, make sure they have compatible living-environment needs. If they all need different kinds of environments to thrive, your ecosystem won’t be able to accommodate those varied needs. | #*Do your research and consult with an employee at a fish or aquarium retailer so that you know each of your fish’s needs. In addition to making sure your fish will get along, make sure they have compatible living-environment needs. If they all need different kinds of environments to thrive, your ecosystem won’t be able to accommodate those varied needs. | ||
| − | #*In addition to ensuring that your fish have similar habitat needs, be sure the fish also have similar temperature and pH needs.<ref>http://www.petsathome.com/shop/en/pets/advice/fish-care-advice/maintaining-a-healthy-aquarium</ref> | + | #*In addition to ensuring that your fish have similar habitat needs, be sure the fish also have similar temperature and pH needs.<ref name="rf6">http://www.petsathome.com/shop/en/pets/advice/fish-care-advice/maintaining-a-healthy-aquarium</ref> |
#Introduce new fish gradually. Don’t dump a new fish directly into the aquarium. Fish need to be able to regulate their temperature, and being put directly into new water can cause them significant distress. | #Introduce new fish gradually. Don’t dump a new fish directly into the aquarium. Fish need to be able to regulate their temperature, and being put directly into new water can cause them significant distress. | ||
#*Turn the tank light off so that the bright light won’t disturb the new fish. | #*Turn the tank light off so that the bright light won’t disturb the new fish. | ||
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#Feed your fish regularly. This isn’t necessarily as simple as it sounds. Initially, feed your fish once a day when first setting up the tank, and once your aquarium is well established, you can begin feeding your fish according to the “little and often” rule. | #Feed your fish regularly. This isn’t necessarily as simple as it sounds. Initially, feed your fish once a day when first setting up the tank, and once your aquarium is well established, you can begin feeding your fish according to the “little and often” rule. | ||
#*Saltwater fish, particularly if they’re wild-caught, may need to be gradually weaned onto aquarium food over a period of weeks. | #*Saltwater fish, particularly if they’re wild-caught, may need to be gradually weaned onto aquarium food over a period of weeks. | ||
| − | #*Some fishkeepers recommend introducing a “rest day” once a week during which no feeding occurs. It’s believed this can benefit your fish's’ health and encourage them to actively look for food.<ref | + | #*Some fishkeepers recommend introducing a “rest day” once a week during which no feeding occurs. It’s believed this can benefit your fish's’ health and encourage them to actively look for food.<ref name="rf4" /> |
| − | #*Food is the main source of waste and pollutants in your tank, so it’s crucial you don’t introduce too much, as overfeeding is one of the main reasons aquarium fish die.<ref>http://www.thinkfish.co.uk/article/feeding-and-food-types-for-your-tropical-fish</ref> | + | #*Food is the main source of waste and pollutants in your tank, so it’s crucial you don’t introduce too much, as overfeeding is one of the main reasons aquarium fish die.<ref name="rf7">http://www.thinkfish.co.uk/article/feeding-and-food-types-for-your-tropical-fish</ref> |
#*Only feed your fish as much as they can consume in about 3-5 minutes and no more. Be sure to read the instructions on the fish food label. | #*Only feed your fish as much as they can consume in about 3-5 minutes and no more. Be sure to read the instructions on the fish food label. | ||
#*If food is left floating on the surface or sinks to the bottom, you’re overfeeding. | #*If food is left floating on the surface or sinks to the bottom, you’re overfeeding. | ||
#*There are three main types of fish food: food for bottom swimmers, middle swimmers, and top swimmers, so buy the correct type of food for the fish you own. | #*There are three main types of fish food: food for bottom swimmers, middle swimmers, and top swimmers, so buy the correct type of food for the fish you own. | ||
| − | #*It’s generally recommended that you feed your fish a variety of high-quality frozen and pelleted food, and that you make sure to defrost frozen food before feeding.<ref>http://www.petbarn.com.au/media/pet_care/Tropical_fish_care_guide.pdf</ref> | + | #*It’s generally recommended that you feed your fish a variety of high-quality frozen and pelleted food, and that you make sure to defrost frozen food before feeding.<ref name="rf8">http://www.petbarn.com.au/media/pet_care/Tropical_fish_care_guide.pdf</ref> |
#Monitor the temperature everyday. Test the water each day to be sure the water temperature is consistent and in the ideal range for the type of fish in the aquarium. | #Monitor the temperature everyday. Test the water each day to be sure the water temperature is consistent and in the ideal range for the type of fish in the aquarium. | ||
#*In general, the ideal temperature for freshwater tropical fish is between 74 and 82 degrees Fahrenheit (23-28 degrees Celsius). | #*In general, the ideal temperature for freshwater tropical fish is between 74 and 82 degrees Fahrenheit (23-28 degrees Celsius). | ||
| − | #*For saltwater fish, the recommended temperature is usually between 75 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit (24-27 degrees Celsius).<ref>http://pets.petsmart.com/guides/fish/aquarium-water-care.shtml</ref> | + | #*For saltwater fish, the recommended temperature is usually between 75 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit (24-27 degrees Celsius).<ref name="rf9">http://pets.petsmart.com/guides/fish/aquarium-water-care.shtml</ref> |
| − | #Monitor the water’s composition. Every week, test the water hardness and alkalinity and the levels of ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, pH, and chlorine in your aquarium water. The ideal range of levels for freshwater fish are as follows:<ref | + | #Monitor the water’s composition. Every week, test the water hardness and alkalinity and the levels of ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, pH, and chlorine in your aquarium water. The ideal range of levels for freshwater fish are as follows:<ref name="rf9" /> |
#*pH - 6.5 - 8.2 | #*pH - 6.5 - 8.2 | ||
#*Chlorine - 0.0 mg/L | #*Chlorine - 0.0 mg/L | ||
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#*For freshwater tanks, remove 10% of the water from the aquarium and replace it with the same amount of dechlorinated water every week. Make sure to add water that’s the same temperature as the water already in the tank or you could cause a temperature fluctuation that will be a stress on your fish. | #*For freshwater tanks, remove 10% of the water from the aquarium and replace it with the same amount of dechlorinated water every week. Make sure to add water that’s the same temperature as the water already in the tank or you could cause a temperature fluctuation that will be a stress on your fish. | ||
#*Once a month, remove 25% of the aquarium water and replace it with dechlorinated water. Be careful that the water is the same temperature as that already in the tank or you can cause your fish distress. | #*Once a month, remove 25% of the aquarium water and replace it with dechlorinated water. Be careful that the water is the same temperature as that already in the tank or you can cause your fish distress. | ||
| − | #*For saltwater tanks, remove 20% of the water once a month, or about 5% per week. Be sure not to add freshly mixed saltwater directly to the tank; instead, prepare the saltwater mix at least one day before.<ref>http://www.fishlore.com/SaltwaterAquariumSetup.htm</ref> | + | #*For saltwater tanks, remove 20% of the water once a month, or about 5% per week. Be sure not to add freshly mixed saltwater directly to the tank; instead, prepare the saltwater mix at least one day before.<ref name="rf10">http://www.fishlore.com/SaltwaterAquariumSetup.htm</ref> |
#Scrub the walls of the aquarium. Every week, clean the inside tank walls and remove any algae buildup. | #Scrub the walls of the aquarium. Every week, clean the inside tank walls and remove any algae buildup. | ||
| − | #*Choose an acrylic- or glass-specific cleaning pad (according to the material used for your tank’s walls) to avoid scratching the surface.<ref | + | #*Choose an acrylic- or glass-specific cleaning pad (according to the material used for your tank’s walls) to avoid scratching the surface.<ref name="rf8" /> |
| − | #*If you have an overabundance of algae, it’s typically a sign that something in your aquarium’s environment isn’t balanced. Test the water levels, be sure you haven’t added too many fish, verify that you aren’t overfeeding, check that the tank isn’t exposed to excessive natural light, etc.<ref>http://www.fishlore.com/Maintenance.htm</ref> | + | #*If you have an overabundance of algae, it’s typically a sign that something in your aquarium’s environment isn’t balanced. Test the water levels, be sure you haven’t added too many fish, verify that you aren’t overfeeding, check that the tank isn’t exposed to excessive natural light, etc.<ref name="rf11">http://www.fishlore.com/Maintenance.htm</ref> |
#Maintain the water filter. Every month, perform complete water-filter maintenance. | #Maintain the water filter. Every month, perform complete water-filter maintenance. | ||
#*Your water filtration system is vital to the maintenance of your aquarium because it removes floating debris and contaminants from the water while neutralizing ammonia and nitrites. | #*Your water filtration system is vital to the maintenance of your aquarium because it removes floating debris and contaminants from the water while neutralizing ammonia and nitrites. | ||
| − | #*Check the filter media (also called the filter floss). If needed, rinse it in some of the discarded tank water. Don’t rinse with tap or other water because it will upset the balance of good bacteria and possibly even kill them off.<ref | + | #*Check the filter media (also called the filter floss). If needed, rinse it in some of the discarded tank water. Don’t rinse with tap or other water because it will upset the balance of good bacteria and possibly even kill them off.<ref name="rf11" /> |
#*Replace the carbon, filter cartridge, and pre-rinse filter. | #*Replace the carbon, filter cartridge, and pre-rinse filter. | ||
#Maintain the water pump. Change the air stone (helps with the water pump’s efficiency and longevity) every month. | #Maintain the water pump. Change the air stone (helps with the water pump’s efficiency and longevity) every month. | ||
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== Tips == | == Tips == | ||
*If you’re deciding between freshwater and saltwater fish, bear in mind that saltwater fish and aquariums are more costly to set up and more labor-intensive to maintain. | *If you’re deciding between freshwater and saltwater fish, bear in mind that saltwater fish and aquariums are more costly to set up and more labor-intensive to maintain. | ||
| − | *Don’t ever clean out your entire tank all at once. There are millions of beneficial bacteria living in the tank that help maintain its ecosystem. Removing all of the water at once will dramatically upset this balance.<ref | + | *Don’t ever clean out your entire tank all at once. There are millions of beneficial bacteria living in the tank that help maintain its ecosystem. Removing all of the water at once will dramatically upset this balance.<ref name="rf8" /> |
*Do a daily visual check-up on your fish and make sure they all look healthy and active. | *Do a daily visual check-up on your fish and make sure they all look healthy and active. | ||
| − | *Watch out for signs that your fish are unhealthy, which can include not eating, losing color, drooping or torn fins, lesions or strange substances on the body, hiding away, abnormal swimming, and gasping at the top of the water. This is often a sign that something is awry in the environment--either the water levels are off, the fish are over- or underfed, or the aquarium landscape (the rocks, plants, and ornaments) aren’t appropriate for the kind of fish you own.<ref | + | *Watch out for signs that your fish are unhealthy, which can include not eating, losing color, drooping or torn fins, lesions or strange substances on the body, hiding away, abnormal swimming, and gasping at the top of the water. This is often a sign that something is awry in the environment--either the water levels are off, the fish are over- or underfed, or the aquarium landscape (the rocks, plants, and ornaments) aren’t appropriate for the kind of fish you own.<ref name="rf8" /> |
*Don’t add rocks or other found objects from lakes or rivers to your tank, as they will upset the ecosystem. | *Don’t add rocks or other found objects from lakes or rivers to your tank, as they will upset the ecosystem. | ||
*Wash your hands before and after handling any of the tank’s contents or components. | *Wash your hands before and after handling any of the tank’s contents or components. | ||
