Difference between revisions of "Adapt a Mousetrap Car for Speed"
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| − | You can purchase kits online that provide you with all the parts necessary to put together a mousetrap racer.<ref>http://www.cfep.uci.edu/cspi/docs/lessons_secondary/Mouse%20Trap%20Car%20Lesson.pdf</ref> However, most mousetrap racers are built to travel as far as possible, not as fast as possible. Most adaptions you make to a racer will not increase max speed, but rather acceleration, [[Adapt a Mousetrap Car for Distance|usually at the expense of distance]]. In other words, if speed is your goal, you will need to adapt your racer to travel shorter distances more quickly.<ref>http://www.real-world-physics-problems.com/mousetrap-car-physics.html</ref> | + | You can purchase kits online that provide you with all the parts necessary to put together a mousetrap racer.<ref name="rf1">http://www.cfep.uci.edu/cspi/docs/lessons_secondary/Mouse%20Trap%20Car%20Lesson.pdf</ref> However, most mousetrap racers are built to travel as far as possible, not as fast as possible. Most adaptions you make to a racer will not increase max speed, but rather acceleration, [[Adapt a Mousetrap Car for Distance|usually at the expense of distance]]. In other words, if speed is your goal, you will need to adapt your racer to travel shorter distances more quickly.<ref name="rf2">http://www.real-world-physics-problems.com/mousetrap-car-physics.html</ref> |
[[Category:Science]] | [[Category:Science]] | ||
== Steps == | == Steps == | ||
===Increasing Acceleration=== | ===Increasing Acceleration=== | ||
| − | #Shorten the lever arm. Installing a shorter lever arm is the best way to adapt a racer for speed. However, if the lever is too short, it will spin out. There is no precise formula for how long the lever should be. Experiment to see how short you can get the lever while maintaining control of the car. <ref>http://www.docfizzix.com/topics/design-basics/MouseTrap-Cars/mousetrap-speed-basics.shtml</ref> | + | #Shorten the lever arm. Installing a shorter lever arm is the best way to adapt a racer for speed. However, if the lever is too short, it will spin out. There is no precise formula for how long the lever should be. Experiment to see how short you can get the lever while maintaining control of the car. <ref name="rf3">http://www.docfizzix.com/topics/design-basics/MouseTrap-Cars/mousetrap-speed-basics.shtml</ref> |
| − | #*Longer lever arms will extend the time in which the axle is pulled. This will make it travel longer distances before the car reaches maximum speed. As a result, it will go slower, but move further. Which is why the length of the lever arm is the most important factor in whether a racer is fitted for distance or speed. <ref | + | #*Longer lever arms will extend the time in which the axle is pulled. This will make it travel longer distances before the car reaches maximum speed. As a result, it will go slower, but move further. Which is why the length of the lever arm is the most important factor in whether a racer is fitted for distance or speed. <ref name="rf2" /> |
| − | #Find smaller wheels. When you increase the size of the wheel, the amount of torque necessary to begin a rotation increases as well. A smaller wheel is easier to turn. So you should make sure that your driving (front) wheel is as small as possible. A good standard is approximately 3 inches in diameter. Use materials that are as lightweight as possible.<ref | + | #Find smaller wheels. When you increase the size of the wheel, the amount of torque necessary to begin a rotation increases as well. A smaller wheel is easier to turn. So you should make sure that your driving (front) wheel is as small as possible. A good standard is approximately 3 inches in diameter. Use materials that are as lightweight as possible.<ref name="rf3" /> |
#*A larger wheel means more rotational inertia, which keeps the wheel moving once it gets going, but reduces acceleration. | #*A larger wheel means more rotational inertia, which keeps the wheel moving once it gets going, but reduces acceleration. | ||
#*As with the shorter axis, a smaller wheel is a trade-off between distance and speed. The overall distance traveled will decrease as you reduce the size of the driving wheel. | #*As with the shorter axis, a smaller wheel is a trade-off between distance and speed. The overall distance traveled will decrease as you reduce the size of the driving wheel. | ||
#*As with most features of a mousetrap racer, performance can vary even when using very similar specs. You always need to experiment to determine what the most functional design is. | #*As with most features of a mousetrap racer, performance can vary even when using very similar specs. You always need to experiment to determine what the most functional design is. | ||
#Increase the size of the axle. The greater the ratio of the diameter of the axle to the wheel, the less force will be required to accelerate the car. In other words, you should match a larger axle with a smaller wheel to increase acceleration. | #Increase the size of the axle. The greater the ratio of the diameter of the axle to the wheel, the less force will be required to accelerate the car. In other words, you should match a larger axle with a smaller wheel to increase acceleration. | ||
| − | #*Conversely, a mousetrap racer built for distance should have a smaller axle and a larger driving wheel.<ref | + | #*Conversely, a mousetrap racer built for distance should have a smaller axle and a larger driving wheel.<ref name="rf3" /> |
| − | #*One easy way to adapt the size of the axle is to wrap tape around it. You don't need to wrap tape around the entire length of the axle, which would likely be counterproductive, because it would increase friction. Just wrap tape around the center of the axle, where it does not come into contact with the frame. This added weight will increase the torque of the axle. You can easily experiment to find the correct amount of torque by adding and removing layers of tape.<ref>http://www.docfizzix.com/topics/construction-tips/Mouse-Trap-Cars/changing-gearing.shtml</ref> | + | #*One easy way to adapt the size of the axle is to wrap tape around it. You don't need to wrap tape around the entire length of the axle, which would likely be counterproductive, because it would increase friction. Just wrap tape around the center of the axle, where it does not come into contact with the frame. This added weight will increase the torque of the axle. You can easily experiment to find the correct amount of torque by adding and removing layers of tape.<ref name="rf4">http://www.docfizzix.com/topics/construction-tips/Mouse-Trap-Cars/changing-gearing.shtml</ref> |
| − | #Increase traction. For the wheel to pick up speed it needs to create pressure against the ground. For the wheel, use a material with a rough texture around the outside to give the wheel traction. Alternatively, cut something that has a rough surface such as a rubber balloon. Glue strips of this material to the outside of the wheel to give it traction.<ref | + | #Increase traction. For the wheel to pick up speed it needs to create pressure against the ground. For the wheel, use a material with a rough texture around the outside to give the wheel traction. Alternatively, cut something that has a rough surface such as a rubber balloon. Glue strips of this material to the outside of the wheel to give it traction.<ref name="rf3" /> |
#Keep on trying. There are so many variables involved in the physics of a mousetrap racer that even similarly built cars operate differently. The only way to perfect your model is to experiment with small variations in design to determine what works best. | #Keep on trying. There are so many variables involved in the physics of a mousetrap racer that even similarly built cars operate differently. The only way to perfect your model is to experiment with small variations in design to determine what works best. | ||
| − | #*Similarly study mousetrap racers that have won competitions in the past. Learn from designs that you know work.<ref | + | #*Similarly study mousetrap racers that have won competitions in the past. Learn from designs that you know work.<ref name="rf3" /> |
===Reducing Resistance=== | ===Reducing Resistance=== | ||
#Reduce weight. Reducing the weight will lower rolling friction with the ground. Trim the deck down so it is only as large as necessary to support the mousetrap. When gluing down the deck, put it as close to the back wheels as possible without touching them. | #Reduce weight. Reducing the weight will lower rolling friction with the ground. Trim the deck down so it is only as large as necessary to support the mousetrap. When gluing down the deck, put it as close to the back wheels as possible without touching them. | ||
| − | #*Drill holes in nonessential components to reduce weight. Consider drilling holes in the frame and the wheels.<ref | + | #*Drill holes in nonessential components to reduce weight. Consider drilling holes in the frame and the wheels.<ref name="rf2" /> |
| − | #*The material used for the frame of the car should be as lightweight and as rigid as possible. Consider bamboo, balsa wood, or foam.<ref>http://ideas-inspire.com/mousetrap-cars/</ref> | + | #*The material used for the frame of the car should be as lightweight and as rigid as possible. Consider bamboo, balsa wood, or foam.<ref name="rf5">http://ideas-inspire.com/mousetrap-cars/</ref> |
#*Use glue whenever you need to attach something. Tape can be used too, but glue is smoother and weighs less. Whatever you do, don't use metal bolts. They add weight. | #*Use glue whenever you need to attach something. Tape can be used too, but glue is smoother and weighs less. Whatever you do, don't use metal bolts. They add weight. | ||
| − | #Cut down on the number of pulleys and gears. A complicated system of gears and pulleys can be useful when building a racer for distance, because they increase the overall torque. However, when building for speed, they principally serve to create more friction between the components. Consider connecting the lever directly to the axle when building a car for speed.<ref | + | #Cut down on the number of pulleys and gears. A complicated system of gears and pulleys can be useful when building a racer for distance, because they increase the overall torque. However, when building for speed, they principally serve to create more friction between the components. Consider connecting the lever directly to the axle when building a car for speed.<ref name="rf3" /> |
#Limit air resistance. As speed increases, so too does air resistance, making it a progressively more likely to stop your car in its tracks. To prevent this from happening, make sure that as little surface area as possible is exposed. Experiment with different materials for frames to see what is most aerodynamic. | #Limit air resistance. As speed increases, so too does air resistance, making it a progressively more likely to stop your car in its tracks. To prevent this from happening, make sure that as little surface area as possible is exposed. Experiment with different materials for frames to see what is most aerodynamic. | ||
| − | #*If you are using a wood frame, sand it and paint it. This will make it more aerodynamic.<ref | + | #*If you are using a wood frame, sand it and paint it. This will make it more aerodynamic.<ref name="rf3" /> |
#*Similarly, reduce the surface area of the car to reduce air resistance. For example, find a thinner frame and wheels. | #*Similarly, reduce the surface area of the car to reduce air resistance. For example, find a thinner frame and wheels. | ||
| − | #Eliminate friction between the axle and the frame. Your car can lose a lot of energy at the point where the axle touches the frame. Watch these surfaces to see if the axle seems to get stuck. Try applying a lubricate, like graphite powder. Alternatively, redesign the axle. Consider installing ball bearings.<ref>http://www.docfizzix.com/topics/design-basics/MouseTrap-Cars/mousetrap-racers-friction.shtml</ref> | + | #Eliminate friction between the axle and the frame. Your car can lose a lot of energy at the point where the axle touches the frame. Watch these surfaces to see if the axle seems to get stuck. Try applying a lubricate, like graphite powder. Alternatively, redesign the axle. Consider installing ball bearings.<ref name="rf6">http://www.docfizzix.com/topics/design-basics/MouseTrap-Cars/mousetrap-racers-friction.shtml</ref> |
#*You can search online for a chart of coefficients of friction, to determine which materials have the least friction when paired. | #*You can search online for a chart of coefficients of friction, to determine which materials have the least friction when paired. | ||
